Synthesis and characterization of novel nano-carbon mixture from Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) nutshell

The nanocarbon-based mixture was shown to be an effective adsorbent for removing dyes and heavy metals from wastewater via adsorption. goal of this research prepare investigate the properties a bio-carbon made Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) nutshell with addition titanium dioxide (TiO2) montmorillonite (MMT) clay. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy used determine functional groups raw carbon potassium hydroxide (KOH)-activated (AC). FTIR analysis active revealed that had more surface chemistry than non-AC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) compare AC morphologies developed nanocarbon. results were confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) verify elements in studied sample. SEM structure both samples irregular, granular, porous. BET showed nano-activated higher area compared activated itself. Response methodology (RSM) Design-Expert 13.0 software sample composition development achieve best performance nanocarbon as adsorbent.